Jobs least likely to be replaced by AI in the U.S.(from #51)

Lowest AI replacement risk first. Hands-on, physical and people-facing occupations rank highest. (841 occupations)

Highest payPay in 10 yearsOutlookSafest from AIMost exposed to AIFastest growingFastest pay growthLargest employment
Country:United StatesJapan
#OccupationMedian payIn 10 yrsOutlookAI riskGrowth (10 yr)
43 Rock Splitters, Quarry
Construction · 3,320 workers
$48,740 $68,000est. 65/100 11% +5.8%
52 Choreographers
Entertainment · 2,860 workers
$55,310 $76,100est. 71/100 12% +3.1%
52 Skincare Specialists
Beauty & Personal Care · 73K workers
$45,330 $63,900est. 73/100 12% +8.8%
52 Fallers
Agriculture · 3,130 workers
$52,100 $67,300est. 50/100 12% −9.9%
52 Boilermakers
Construction · 10K workers
$76,410 $102,600est. 49/100 12% −1.8%
52 Pile Driver Operators
Construction · 2,310 workers
$73,300 $96,600est. 50/100 12% −5.7%
52 Earth Drillers, Except Oil and Gas
Construction · 19K workers
$60,190 $83,000est. 56/100 12% +3.6%
58 Paramedics
Healthcare · 101K workers
$60,600 $84,400est. 58/100 13% +5.7%
58 Orderlies
Caregiving · 52K workers
$38,290 $52,900est. 57/100 13% +4.0%
58 Animal Trainers
· 19K workers
$39,990 $55,300est. 65/100 13% +4.2%
58 Barbers
Beauty & Personal Care · 15K workers
$38,210 $52,600est. 60/100 13% +3.3%
58 Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers
Construction · 206K workers
$57,020 $77,800est. 45/100 13% +1.6%
58 Paving, Surfacing, and Tamping Equipment Operators
Construction · 42K workers
$53,340 $71,900est. 46/100 13% −0.9%
58 Highway Maintenance Workers
Construction · 155K workers
$50,260 $69,200est. 52/100 13% +3.4%
58 Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners
Construction · 31K workers
$49,880 $70,100est. 64/100 13% +7.8%
66 Recreational Therapists
Healthcare · 15K workers
$61,960 $85,800est. 68/100 14% +4.8%
66 Gambling Dealers
· 84K workers
$34,320 $47,200est. 57/100 14% +3.4%
66 Roof Bolters, Mining
Construction · 2,160 workers
$78,540 $100,200est. 37/100 14% −18.9%
69 Counselors, All Other
Social Services · 29K workers
$50,860 $70,800est. 74/100 15% +5.9%
69 Social Workers, All Other
Social Services · 63K workers
$71,900 $98,300est. 62/100 15% +2.3%
69 Community and Social Service Specialists, All Other
Social Services · 108K workers
$56,730 $78,800est. 71/100 15% +5.5%
69 Religious Workers, All Other
Social Services · 16K workers
$45,280 $61,700est. 60/100 15% +1.5%
69 Dentists, All Other Specialists
Healthcare · 5,230 workers
$224,990 $306,100est. 56/100 15% +1.3%
69 Therapists, All Other
Healthcare · 23K workers
$77,930 $109,900est. 86/100 15% +12.6%
69 Cardiologists
Healthcare · 17K workers
$496,010 $686,400est. 71/100 15% +4.8%
69 Physicians, All Other
Healthcare · 343K workers
$265,930 $365,500est. 63/100 15% +3.4%
69 Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric
Healthcare · 14K workers
$358,550 $494,300est. 69/100 15% +4.0%
69 Pediatric Surgeons
Healthcare · 1,190 workers
$559,030 $763,200est. 75/100 15% +2.0%
69 Surgeons, All Other
Healthcare · 25K workers
$414,010 $570,700est. 65/100 15% +4.0%
69 Healthcare Diagnosing or Treating Practitioners, All Other
Healthcare · 29K workers
$115,210 $160,000est. 70/100 15% +5.5%
69 Emergency Medical Technicians
Healthcare · 181K workers
$44,470 $61,800est. 60/100 15% +5.8%
69 Surgical Technologists
Healthcare · 117K workers
$64,650 $89,600est. 58/100 15% +5.0%
69 Health Technologists and Technicians, All Other
Healthcare · 183K workers
$50,290 $70,000est. 61/100 15% +5.9%
69 Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars
Healthcare · 38K workers
$68,020 $95,900est. 73/100 15% +15.9%
69 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Workers, All Other
Healthcare · 35K workers
$65,790 $91,200est. 62/100 15% +5.1%
69 Occupational Therapy Assistants
Caregiving · 51K workers
$72,300 $102,000est. 80/100 15% +21.5%
69 Physical Therapist Assistants
Caregiving · 112K workers
$68,380 $96,500est. 81/100 15% +23.0%
69 First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives
Protective Services · 155K workers
$106,040 $145,700est. 61/100 15% +3.3%
69 Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance
Beauty & Personal Care · 2,340 workers
$97,150 $135,300est. 81/100 15% +6.1%
69 Baggage Porters and Bellhops
Hospitality · 29K workers
$37,080 $49,400est. 44/100 15% −3.0%
69 Operating Engineers and Other Construction Equipment Operators
Construction · 478K workers
$59,850 $82,700est. 58/100 15% +4.6%
69 Tapers
Construction · 13K workers
$68,270 $91,600est. 47/100 15% −1.6%
69 Helpers--Brickmasons, Blockmasons, Stonemasons, and Tile and Marble Setters
Construction · 14K workers
$47,550 $60,700est. 38/100 15% −11.7%
69 Helpers, Construction Trades, All Other
Construction · 25K workers
$42,670 $57,400est. 47/100 15% −1.0%
69 Construction and Related Workers, All Other — —est. 85/100 15% —
69 Underground Mining Machine Operators, All Other
Construction · 3,180 workers
$70,130 $94,400est. 56/100 15% −1.0%
69 Extraction Workers, All Other
Construction · 5,540 workers
$57,010 $78,400est. 65/100 15% +3.4%
98 Preschool Teachers, Except Special Education
Education · 479K workers
$38,140 $52,700est. 62/100 16% +4.5%
98 Veterinary Technologists and Technicians
Healthcare · 129K workers
$47,380 $66,800est. 67/100 16% +9.4%
98 First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping Workers $58,430 $80,500est. 70/100 16% +4.0%
Pay and employment figures are national statistics (U.S.: BLS OEWS and Employment Projections; Japan: MHLW job tag). Projected pay, outlook scores and AI replacement risk are estimates from the Shigoto Zukan model, not guarantees. How to read the data