Jobs least likely to be replaced by AI in the U.S.(from #151)

Lowest AI replacement risk first. Hands-on, physical and people-facing occupations rank highest. (841 occupations)

Highest payPay in 10 yearsOutlookSafest from AIMost exposed to AIFastest growingFastest pay growthLargest employment
Country:United StatesJapan
#OccupationMedian payIn 10 yrsOutlookAI riskGrowth (10 yr)
147 Orthotists and Prosthetists
Healthcare · 9,390 workers
$81,110 $114,400est. 74/100 22% +12.9%
147 Personal Care Aides — —est. 59/100 22% —
147 Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners $35,510 $47,900est. 48/100 22% +0.6%
147 Farm Equipment Mechanics and Service Technicians
Manufacturing & Repair · 38K workers
$56,550 $79,800est. 71/100 22% +10.7%
147 Mechanical Door Repairers
Manufacturing & Repair · 27K workers
$55,720 $77,300est. 58/100 22% +6.4%
147 Upholsterers
Manufacturing & Repair · 20K workers
$46,340 $61,600est. 40/100 22% −2.3%
147 Furniture Finishers
Manufacturing & Repair · 14K workers
$44,540 $58,900est. 44/100 22% −3.5%
147 Ambulance Drivers and Attendants, Except Emergency Medical Technicians
Transportation · 13K workers
$35,450 $47,400est. 41/100 22% −1.3%
147 Crane and Tower Operators
Logistics · 43K workers
$68,080 $93,300est. 59/100 22% +3.8%
160 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers
Design · 165K workers
$39,390 $53,600est. 51/100 23% +2.7%
160 Dentists, General
Healthcare · 124K workers
$170,950 $236,200est. 69/100 23% +5.7%
160 Dermatologists
Healthcare · 11K workers
$328,730 $456,700est. 72/100 23% +6.8%
160 Animal Control Workers
Protective Services · 12K workers
$45,660 $62,600est. 58/100 23% +4.0%
160 Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling Experts, and Blasters
Construction · 5,100 workers
$61,390 $82,500est. 46/100 23% +0.0%
160 Bicycle Repairers
Manufacturing & Repair · 12K workers
$42,780 $55,900est. 38/100 23% −5.7%
160 Tire Repairers and Changers
Manufacturing & Repair · 108K workers
$37,710 $51,500est. 52/100 23% +3.4%
160 Helpers--Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Workers
Manufacturing & Repair · 96K workers
$39,630 $54,700est. 62/100 23% +5.3%
160 Passenger Attendants
Transportation · 27K workers
$37,720 $52,200est. 60/100 23% +6.0%
169 Psychiatric Aides
Caregiving · 36K workers
$44,910 $60,900est. 51/100 24% +1.9%
169 Correctional Officers and Jailers
Protective Services · 380K workers
$58,940 $76,400est. 36/100 24% −7.4%
169 Chefs and Head Cooks
Food Service · 200K workers
$62,470 $86,600est. 72/100 24% +6.6%
169 Forest and Conservation Workers
Agriculture · 6,050 workers
$43,680 $58,200est. 51/100 24% −1.5%
169 Electronic Equipment Installers and Repairers, Motor Vehicles
Manufacturing & Repair · 8,550 workers
$48,420 $61,300est. 33/100 24% −14.5%
169 Automotive Body and Related Repairers
Manufacturing & Repair · 149K workers
$54,890 $75,100est. 53/100 24% +3.7%
169 Motorcycle Mechanics
Manufacturing & Repair · 14K workers
$48,580 $65,900est. 55/100 24% +2.1%
169 Millwrights
Manufacturing & Repair · 40K workers
$65,700 $88,600est. 50/100 24% +0.9%
169 Refractory Materials Repairers, Except Brickmasons
Manufacturing & Repair · 1,080 workers
$61,290 $77,700est. 41/100 24% −13.7%
169 Model Makers, Wood
Manufacturing & Repair · 280 workers
$56,550 $74,800est. 56/100 24% −3.3%
169 Sailors and Marine Oilers
Transportation · 32K workers
$51,520 $70,300est. 60/100 24% +3.2%
180 Social Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary, All Other
Education · 17K workers
$72,990 $98,700est. 53/100 25% +1.6%
180 Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 94K workers
$78,620 $106,700est. 63/100 25% +2.2%
180 Postsecondary Teachers, All Other
Education · 150K workers
$77,640 $105,200est. 57/100 25% +2.0%
180 Special Education Teachers, All Other
Education · 34K workers
$76,580 $103,700est. 52/100 25% +1.9%
180 Teachers and Instructors, All Other
Education · 114K workers
$66,140 $88,700est. 58/100 25% −0.2%
180 Teaching Assistants, All Other — —est. 75/100 25% —
180 Educational Instruction and Library Workers, All Other
Education · 119K workers
$50,890 $68,900est. 55/100 25% +1.8%
180 Athletes and Sports Competitors
Sports & Fitness · 15K workers
$66,710 $92,000est. 73/100 25% +5.5%
180 Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Workers, All Other
Entertainment · 17K workers
— —est. 77/100 25% +4.7%
180 Obstetricians and Gynecologists
Healthcare · 21K workers
$292,910 $396,400est. 59/100 25% +1.7%
180 Pediatricians, General
Healthcare · 39K workers
$210,040 $284,000est. 57/100 25% +1.5%
180 Athletic Trainers
Healthcare · 30K workers
$62,520 $88,200est. 70/100 25% +12.7%
180 Home Health Aides — —est. 54/100 25% —
180 Cooks, Short Order
Food Service · 139K workers
$35,880 $47,000est. 40/100 25% −5.2%
180 Cooks, All Other
Food Service · 19K workers
$37,690 $51,900est. 63/100 25% +5.2%
180 Food Servers, Nonrestaurant
Food Service · 294K workers
$35,360 $48,500est. 56/100 25% +4.5%
180 Food Preparation and Serving Related Workers, All Other
Food Service · 85K workers
$35,840 $49,400est. 63/100 25% +5.5%
180 Demonstrators and Product Promoters
Sales · 65K workers
$39,320 $52,800est. 46/100 25% +0.2%
180 Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians
Manufacturing & Repair · 17K workers
$52,000 $73,200est. 69/100 25% +9.7%
180 Layout Workers, Metal and Plastic
Manufacturing & Repair · 5,970 workers
$63,870 $84,300est. 45/100 25% −3.4%
180 Flight Attendants
Aviation · 132K workers
$63,580 $89,100est. 70/100 25% +8.8%
Pay and employment figures are national statistics (U.S.: BLS OEWS and Employment Projections; Japan: MHLW job tag). Projected pay, outlook scores and AI replacement risk are estimates from the Shigoto Zukan model, not guarantees. How to read the data