Jobs least likely to be replaced by AI in the U.S.(from #201)

Lowest AI replacement risk first. Hands-on, physical and people-facing occupations rank highest. (841 occupations)

Highest payPay in 10 yearsOutlookSafest from AIMost exposed to AIFastest growingFastest pay growthLargest employment
Country:United StatesJapan
#OccupationMedian payIn 10 yrsOutlookAI riskGrowth (10 yr)
180 Ship Engineers
Transportation · 8,400 workers
$109,530 $149,000est. 67/100 25% +2.7%
202 Prosthodontists
Healthcare · 870 workers
$311,180 $429,300est. 82/100 26% +5.8%
202 Respiratory Therapists
Healthcare · 140K workers
$82,280 $115,000est. 64/100 26% +8.5%
202 Family Medicine Physicians
Healthcare · 108K workers
$244,180 $332,800est. 61/100 26% +3.3%
202 Nursing Assistants
Caregiving · 1.4M workers
$42,260 $57,400est. 53/100 26% +2.6%
202 Fish and Game Wardens
Protective Services · 5,770 workers
$74,060 $96,600est. 47/100 26% −5.7%
202 Transportation Security Screeners
Protective Services · 50K workers
$66,770 $87,700est. 43/100 26% −4.2%
202 Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers
· 25K workers
$55,010 $74,900est. 59/100 26% +3.0%
202 Models
Sales · 3,780 workers
$48,470 $64,400est. 47/100 26% −2.1%
202 Graders and Sorters, Agricultural Products
Agriculture · 25K workers
$35,730 $47,100est. 42/100 26% −3.4%
202 Electric Motor, Power Tool, and Related Repairers
Manufacturing & Repair · 14K workers
$56,210 $77,000est. 61/100 26% +4.4%
202 Industrial Machinery Mechanics
Manufacturing & Repair · 440K workers
$64,520 $91,000est. 74/100 26% +17.8%
202 Maintenance and Repair Workers, General
Manufacturing & Repair · 1.5M workers
$49,590 $67,900est. 60/100 26% +4.2%
202 Signal and Track Switch Repairers
Manufacturing & Repair · 8,720 workers
$92,460 $125,100est. 57/100 26% +1.8%
202 Motorboat Operators
Transportation · 2,480 workers
$47,520 $65,300est. 61/100 26% +4.9%
202 Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors
Logistics · 147K workers
$49,690 $67,300est. 51/100 26% +2.1%
217 Nurse Midwives
Healthcare · 7,920 workers
$134,040 $189,100est. 71/100 27% +11.5%
217 Dental Assistants
Caregiving · 388K workers
$48,070 $66,800est. 67/100 27% +7.4%
217 School Bus Monitors
Protective Services · 78K workers
$35,100 $46,600est. 42/100 27% −1.9%
217 Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria
Food Service · 441K workers
$37,450 $50,900est. 51/100 27% +2.8%
217 Animal Caretakers
· 267K workers
$35,360 $49,900est. 65/100 27% +12.1%
217 Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers
Manufacturing & Repair · 86K workers
$60,070 $83,200est. 66/100 27% +6.8%
217 Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians
Manufacturing & Repair · 138K workers
$79,870 $109,900est. 65/100 27% +5.4%
217 Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics
Manufacturing & Repair · 705K workers
$50,620 $69,500est. 61/100 27% +5.0%
217 Engine and Other Machine Assemblers
Manufacturing & Repair · 34K workers
$53,710 $67,900est. 33/100 27% −17.0%
217 Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters
Manufacturing & Repair · 77K workers
$46,680 $61,700est. 41/100 27% −2.9%
217 Dredge Operators
Logistics · 1,040 workers
$49,640 $66,800est. 47/100 27% +0.7%
217 Hoist and Winch Operators
Logistics · 2,600 workers
$56,450 $75,700est. 55/100 27% +0.2%
229 Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education
Education · 1.4M workers
$63,970 $85,500est. 46/100 28% −0.4%
229 Nurse Anesthetists
Healthcare · 52K workers
$236,590 $332,100est. 72/100 28% +9.7%
229 Parking Enforcement Workers
Protective Services · 9,050 workers
$46,730 $62,300est. 38/100 28% −1.1%
229 Embalmers
· 3,890 workers
$58,780 $79,000est. 57/100 28% +0.7%
229 First-Line Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Workers
Agriculture · 28K workers
$59,320 $80,900est. 68/100 28% +3.8%
229 Logging Equipment Operators
Agriculture · 21K workers
$49,740 $65,400est. 45/100 28% −3.8%
229 Maintenance Workers, Machinery
Manufacturing & Repair · 60K workers
$60,850 $80,800est. 46/100 28% −1.9%
229 Grinding and Polishing Workers, Hand
Manufacturing & Repair · 11K workers
$42,660 $53,900est. 26/100 28% −19.2%
229 Coating, Painting, and Spraying Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders
Manufacturing & Repair · 159K workers
$48,250 $65,400est. 49/100 28% +2.5%
229 Captains, Mates, and Pilots of Water Vessels
Transportation · 37K workers
$92,460 $126,300est. 68/100 28% +4.0%
229 Conveyor Operators and Tenders
Logistics · 23K workers
$42,420 $56,100est. 38/100 28% −2.6%
240 Kindergarten Teachers, Except Special Education
Education · 109K workers
$62,680 $83,800est. 55/100 29% −0.3%
240 Actors
Entertainment · 55K workers
— —est. 48/100 29% +0.0%
240 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
Healthcare · 4,910 workers
$352,220 $484,400est. 69/100 29% +5.6%
240 Veterinarians
Healthcare · 84K workers
$130,100 $182,200est. 72/100 29% +9.4%
240 Acupuncturists
Healthcare · 7,830 workers
$76,040 $106,100est. 75/100 29% +8.6%
240 First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers
Protective Services · 53K workers
$77,970 $103,100est. 46/100 29% −2.5%
240 Costume Attendants
· 6,510 workers
$50,400 $69,400est. 67/100 29% +5.9%
240 Funeral Attendants
· 31K workers
$35,680 $48,400est. 51/100 29% +2.6%
240 Animal Breeders
Agriculture · 1,330 workers
$51,130 $69,400est. 59/100 29% +3.0%
240 Motorboat Mechanics and Service Technicians
Manufacturing & Repair · 23K workers
$57,550 $78,900est. 64/100 29% +4.9%
240 Riggers
Manufacturing & Repair · 23K workers
$62,640 $85,400est. 53/100 29% +3.9%
Pay and employment figures are national statistics (U.S.: BLS OEWS and Employment Projections; Japan: MHLW job tag). Projected pay, outlook scores and AI replacement risk are estimates from the Shigoto Zukan model, not guarantees. How to read the data