Jobs least likely to be replaced by AI in the U.S.(from #651)

Lowest AI replacement risk first. Hands-on, physical and people-facing occupations rank highest. (841 occupations)

Highest payPay in 10 yearsOutlookSafest from AIMost exposed to AIFastest growingFastest pay growthLargest employment
Country:United StatesJapan
#OccupationMedian payIn 10 yrsOutlookAI riskGrowth (10 yr)
639 Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners
· 8,950 workers
$34,980 $45,200est. 38/100 60% +1.8%
639 Financial Clerks, All Other
Finance · 36K workers
$53,830 $68,900est. 39/100 60% +0.0%
639 Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers
Manufacturing & Repair · 28K workers
$68,120 $89,700est. 58/100 60% +5.9%
639 Transportation Inspectors
Transportation · 24K workers
$92,100 $119,200est. 56/100 60% +2.2%
655 Human Resources Specialists
Management & Consulting · 912K workers
$75,940 $100,000est. 59/100 61% +6.4%
655 Labor Relations Specialists $95,420 $123,000est. 48/100 61% +2.1%
655 Fundraisers
Management & Consulting · 111K workers
$72,550 $95,100est. 60/100 61% +5.5%
655 Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers
Engineering & Science · 23K workers
$109,370 $144,900est. 60/100 61% +7.6%
655 Occupational Health and Safety Technicians
· 31K workers
$61,560 $86,300est. 67/100 61% +19.4%
655 Law Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 20K workers
$128,500 $166,100est. 57/100 61% +2.6%
655 Telemarketers
Sales · 58K workers
$35,450 $42,700est. 23/100 61% −21.4%
655 Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers
Manufacturing & Repair · 2,950 workers
$62,750 $75,500est. 31/100 61% −15.0%
655 Gas Plant Operators
Manufacturing & Repair · 18K workers
$87,820 $108,800est. 35/100 61% −6.0%
655 Air Traffic Controllers
Aviation · 23K workers
$148,080 $190,600est. 52/100 61% +1.7%
655 Traffic Technicians
Transportation · 7,860 workers
$59,090 $76,900est. 53/100 61% +4.0%
666 Education Administrators, Postsecondary
Management & Consulting · 180K workers
$104,590 $134,300est. 52/100 62% +1.8%
666 Buyers and Purchasing Agents, Farm Products — —est. 43/100 62% —
666 Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products — —est. 42/100 62% —
666 Industrial Engineers
Engineering & Science · 366K workers
$102,440 $138,500est. 63/100 62% +12.4%
666 Mechanical Engineers
Engineering & Science · 297K workers
$104,110 $139,900est. 62/100 62% +11.2%
666 Architectural and Civil Drafters
Engineering & Science · 104K workers
$66,150 $86,300est. 55/100 62% +5.2%
666 Animal Scientists
Engineering & Science · 3,100 workers
$68,940 $90,200est. 55/100 62% +5.8%
666 Hydrologists
Engineering & Science · 5,850 workers
$96,600 $123,800est. 43/100 62% +1.5%
666 Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 40K workers
$109,270 $144,400est. 69/100 62% +7.8%
666 Archivists
Education · 7,970 workers
$64,550 $83,500est. 58/100 62% +3.4%
666 First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales Workers
Retail · 214K workers
$87,520 $111,700est. 51/100 62% +0.5%
666 Real Estate Sales Agents
Real Estate · 193K workers
$52,830 $67,800est. 43/100 62% +1.7%
678 Marketing Managers
Marketing & PR · 395K workers
$166,790 $218,900est. 64/100 63% +6.9%
678 Training and Development Managers $133,000 $174,100est. 66/100 63% +6.4%
678 Architects, Except Landscape and Naval
Architecture · 107K workers
$99,280 $128,600est. 55/100 63% +4.3%
678 Mechanical Drafters
Engineering & Science · 40K workers
$71,550 $88,200est. 36/100 63% −6.0%
678 Microbiologists
Engineering & Science · 19K workers
$87,990 $115,100est. 58/100 63% +6.2%
678 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists
Engineering & Science · 172K workers
$103,410 $139,500est. 64/100 63% +12.6%
678 Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 35K workers
$96,980 $126,000est. 62/100 63% +4.9%
678 Communications Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 29K workers
$78,580 $100,700est. 50/100 63% +2.1%
678 Librarians and Media Collections Specialists
Education · 134K workers
$68,270 $87,700est. 50/100 63% +2.6%
678 Graphic Designers
Design · 198K workers
$62,960 $79,200est. 40/100 63% −1.7%
678 Film and Video Editors
Film & Video · 26K workers
$75,420 $97,400est. 59/100 63% +3.7%
678 Medical Dosimetrists
Healthcare · 3,410 workers
$147,470 $191,700est. 55/100 63% +5.0%
678 Travel Agents
Travel & Tourism · 55K workers
$50,160 $63,700est. 41/100 63% +0.2%
678 Sales Representatives of Services, Except Advertising, Insurance, Financial Services, and Travel
Sales · 1.3M workers
$69,990 $90,000est. 49/100 63% +2.7%
692 Natural Sciences Managers
Management & Consulting · 109K workers
$167,220 $220,200est. 68/100 64% +8.2%
692 Environmental Engineers
Engineering & Science · 38K workers
$107,110 $139,700est. 57/100 64% +6.3%
692 Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers
Engineering & Science · 23K workers
$101,920 $132,200est. 56/100 64% +5.1%
692 Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys
Writing & Media · 21K workers
$47,340 $57,700est. 33/100 64% −7.6%
692 Insurance Sales Agents
Sales · 479K workers
$62,280 $80,100est. 47/100 64% +3.3%
692 Sales Engineers
Sales · 52K workers
$124,900 $160,200est. 53/100 64% +2.8%
692 Gambling Cage Workers
Finance · 14K workers
$37,580 $46,800est. 24/100 64% −3.1%
699 Sales Managers
Marketing & PR · 637K workers
$148,270 $191,200est. 58/100 65% +4.5%
699 Computer and Information Systems Managers
Management & Consulting · 671K workers
$175,140 $238,600est. 68/100 65% +15.8%
Pay and employment figures are national statistics (U.S.: BLS OEWS and Employment Projections; Japan: MHLW job tag). Projected pay, outlook scores and AI replacement risk are estimates from the Shigoto Zukan model, not guarantees. How to read the data