Jobs least likely to be replaced by AI in the U.S.(from #601)

Lowest AI replacement risk first. Hands-on, physical and people-facing occupations rank highest. (841 occupations)

Highest payPay in 10 yearsOutlookSafest from AIMost exposed to AIFastest growingFastest pay growthLargest employment
Country:United StatesJapan
#OccupationMedian payIn 10 yrsOutlookAI riskGrowth (10 yr)
600 Surveyors
Architecture · 51K workers
$75,440 $100,500est. 55/100 56% +5.8%
600 Marine Engineers and Naval Architects
Engineering & Science · 8,250 workers
$112,230 $150,200est. 61/100 56% +6.7%
600 Food Scientists and Technologists
Engineering & Science · 13K workers
$88,720 $118,400est. 60/100 56% +6.2%
600 Foresters
Engineering & Science · 10K workers
$76,400 $100,000est. 50/100 56% +2.2%
600 Geological Technicians, Except Hydrologic Technicians
Engineering & Science · 6,980 workers
$53,350 $70,300est. 59/100 56% +3.6%
600 Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 42K workers
$80,340 $106,100est. 60/100 56% +4.0%
600 Gambling Surveillance Officers and Gambling Investigators
Protective Services · 9,520 workers
$43,370 $55,700est. 35/100 56% −1.8%
600 First-Line Supervisors of Gambling Services Workers
· 26K workers
$63,820 $84,100est. 52/100 56% +3.5%
600 Ophthalmic Laboratory Technicians
Manufacturing & Repair · 19K workers
$39,460 $51,700est. 41/100 56% +2.2%
610 Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining Safety Engineers and Inspectors
Engineering & Science · 21K workers
$115,160 $152,700est. 59/100 57% +5.4%
610 Biological Technicians
Engineering & Science · 70K workers
$57,510 $77,000est. 62/100 57% +7.4%
610 Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 50K workers
$84,620 $113,200est. 68/100 57% +7.3%
610 Environmental Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 6,690 workers
$94,980 $124,300est. 58/100 57% +2.7%
610 Economics Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 12K workers
$123,920 $161,900est. 56/100 57% +2.4%
610 Family and Consumer Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 2,770 workers
$75,870 $99,100est. 50/100 57% +2.4%
610 Interpreters and Translators
Writing & Media · 52K workers
$60,170 $78,500est. 52/100 57% +2.0%
610 Broadcast Technicians
Film & Video · 21K workers
$59,570 $75,800est. 37/100 57% −3.1%
610 Medical Records Specialists
Healthcare · 195K workers
$51,140 $68,600est. 50/100 57% +7.8%
610 Genetic Counselors
Healthcare · 3,740 workers
$100,040 $135,900est. 65/100 57% +10.4%
610 Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance
Logistics · 203K workers
$50,340 $64,800est. 33/100 57% −0.7%
621 Administrative Services Managers
Management & Consulting · 264K workers
$114,130 $150,700est. 60/100 58% +5.2%
621 Training and Development Specialists
Management & Consulting · 458K workers
$69,280 $94,000est. 66/100 58% +10.8%
621 Calibration Technologists and Technicians
Engineering & Science · 17K workers
$67,820 $89,400est. 57/100 58% +4.8%
621 Producers and Directors
Film & Video · 143K workers
$90,360 $118,600est. 57/100 58% +4.0%
621 Food Batchmakers
Manufacturing & Repair · 175K workers
$42,290 $56,200est. 53/100 58% +6.5%
621 Chemical Plant and System Operators
Manufacturing & Repair · 17K workers
$78,120 $98,100est. 37/100 58% −5.2%
627 Architectural and Engineering Managers
Management & Consulting · 220K workers
$171,270 $225,900est. 62/100 59% +5.5%
627 Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage $78,240 $96,300est. 32/100 59% −8.7%
627 Electronics Engineers, Except Computer
Engineering & Science · 97K workers
$130,220 $170,200est. 54/100 59% +3.7%
627 Industrial Engineering Technologists and Technicians
Engineering & Science · 76K workers
$66,120 $86,200est. 50/100 59% +3.1%
627 Soil and Plant Scientists
Engineering & Science · 16K workers
$78,850 $104,600est. 64/100 59% +6.7%
627 Business Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 82K workers
$99,080 $130,900est. 66/100 59% +5.9%
627 Library Science Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 3,630 workers
$80,340 $104,500est. 54/100 59% +2.7%
627 Special Effects Artists and Animators
Design · 20K workers
$102,030 $130,800est. 55/100 59% −0.3%
627 Medical Transcriptionists
Caregiving · 42K workers
$40,410 $50,800est. 35/100 59% −4.4%
627 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products
Sales · 285K workers
$104,920 $135,500est. 49/100 59% +1.2%
627 Real Estate Brokers
Real Estate · 46K workers
$73,220 $94,400est. 50/100 59% +0.8%
627 Sewers, Hand
Manufacturing & Repair · 2,190 workers
$36,480 $44,200est. 34/100 59% −12.0%
639 Advertising and Promotions Managers
Marketing & PR · 21K workers
$133,660 $168,000est. 52/100 60% −3.7%
639 Human Resources Managers
Management & Consulting · 221K workers
$149,280 $196,300est. 62/100 60% +5.5%
639 Compliance Officers
Management & Consulting · 417K workers
$80,730 $105,300est. 56/100 60% +3.8%
639 Financial and Investment Analysts
Finance · 362K workers
$102,740 $136,200est. 63/100 60% +7.2%
639 Financial Risk Specialists
Finance · 64K workers
$117,330 $155,700est. 65/100 60% +7.4%
639 Financial Specialists, All Other
Finance · 132K workers
$81,100 $105,900est. 51/100 60% +4.1%
639 Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists
Engineering & Science · 18K workers
$76,780 $100,000est. 50/100 60% +3.6%
639 Chemists
Engineering & Science · 83K workers
$91,240 $120,500est. 60/100 60% +6.4%
639 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
· 141K workers
$90,150 $126,200est. 73/100 60% +18.5%
639 Geography Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 3,330 workers
$97,590 $126,600est. 58/100 60% +2.7%
639 History Teachers, Postsecondary
Education · 19K workers
$83,820 $107,300est. 46/100 60% +0.0%
639 Art Directors
Design · 53K workers
$114,850 $150,100est. 69/100 60% +4.2%
Pay and employment figures are national statistics (U.S.: BLS OEWS and Employment Projections; Japan: MHLW job tag). Projected pay, outlook scores and AI replacement risk are estimates from the Shigoto Zukan model, not guarantees. How to read the data